Justice

A New Typology of American Neighborhoods

Research identifies seven pathways of urban change. The most common one is very little change at all.
The new Whole Foods in Harlem, widely seen as a harbinger of gentrification.Kathy Willens/ AP

Gentrification and the rise of suburban poverty, the decline of the Rustbelt and the comeback of Pittsburgh and Detroit: If there is one constant in urban life it would seem to be the ongoing process of urban and neighborhood change. Yet a majority of neighborhoods are staying much the same, according to a new study by the geographer Elizabeth Delmelle.

The study takes a detailed, data-driven look at precisely how American cities and neighborhoods have changed in recent decades. It identifies the basic types of American neighborhoods, the main contours of their change, and the kinds of metros where different types of neighborhoods predominate.